منابع مشابه
Derivation of midbrain dopamine neurons from human embryonic stem cells.
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are defined by their extensive self-renewal capacity and their potential to differentiate into any cell type of the human body. The challenge in using hES cells for developmental biology and regenerative medicine has been to direct the wide differentiation potential toward the derivation of a specific cell fate. Within the nervous system, hES cells have been sho...
متن کاملMidbrain dopamine neurons control judgment of time.
Our sense of time is far from constant. For instance, time flies when we are having fun, and it slows to a trickle when we are bored. Midbrain dopamine neurons have been implicated in variable time estimation. However, a direct link between signals carried by dopamine neurons and temporal judgments is lacking. We measured and manipulated the activity of dopamine neurons as mice judged the durat...
متن کاملThe Reward Signal of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons.
Dopamine projections from the midbrain to striatum and frontal cortex play a major role in behavioral reactions controlled by rewards. Recent experiments have shown that dopamine neurons code the discrepancy between the prediction and occurrence of rewards and in this way signal a crucial learning term for approach behavior.
متن کاملNoradrenergic inhibition of midbrain dopamine neurons.
Receptors that couple to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, which include metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and muscarinic receptors, are known to either activate or inhibit the activity of dopamine cells depending on the pattern of receptor activation. Transient activation of alpha1 adrenoceptors with norepinephrine (NE) resulted in an outward current in midbrain dopamine neurons recorded in...
متن کاملCholinergic inhibition of ventral midbrain dopamine neurons.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are common throughout the CNS. The predominant subtypes in the brain are positively coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis and have been found to modulate multiple conductances. Muscarinic receptor activation is most often observed to be excitatory because of suppression of various potassium conductances. Here it is reported that three distinct effects of musc...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: StemBook
سال: 2014
ISSN: 1940-3429
DOI: 10.3824/stembook.1.70.1